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This paper presents an approach for the life cycle analysis of an aircraft. Especially in the early design phases no valid methods to analyze and optimize civil aircraft in economic, ecological and socio-economic perspectives exis...
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This paper presents an approach for the life cycle analysis of an aircraft. Especially in the early design phases no valid methods to analyze and optimize civil aircraft in economic, ecological and socio-economic perspectives exist. The method is applicable in the public domain without company's sensitive information and allows analysis from an exterior view, e.g. to support political decision making. This paper mainly focuses on the production phase. To overcome the main challenges like low data availability in public domain, an integrated top-down and bottom-up procedure of existing methodologies has been chosen.
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The objective of this Life Cycle Environmental Cost Analysis (LCECA) model is to include eco-costs intot he total cost of the products. Eco-costs are oth the direct and indirect costs of the environmental impacts caused by the pro...
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The objective of this Life Cycle Environmental Cost Analysis (LCECA) model is to include eco-costs intot he total cost of the products. Eco-costs are oth the direct and indirect costs of the environmental impacts caused by the product in its entire life cycle. Subsequently, this LCECA model identifies the feasible alternatives for cost effective, eco-friendly parts/products. This attempts to incorporate costing into the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) practice. Ultimately, it aims to reduce the total cost with the help of green or eco-friendly alternatives in all the stages of the life cycle of any product. The new category of eight eco-costs is being included in the cost breakdown structure. The mathematical model of LCECA aims to define the relationships between the total cost of products and the various eco-costs concerned with the life cycle of the products, and determine quantitative expressions between the above said costs. A computational LCECA model has been developed to compare the eco-costs of the alternatives. This model will include a break-even analysis to evaluate the alternatives, sensitivity and risk analysis modules. This model aims at a cost-effective, eco-friendly product as an end result. This LCECA model will be compatible with teh existing LCA software tools.
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摘要 :
The objective of this Life Cycle Environmental Cost Analysis (LCECA) model is to include eco-costs intot he total cost of the products. Eco-costs are oth the direct and indirect costs of the environmental impacts caused by the pro...
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The objective of this Life Cycle Environmental Cost Analysis (LCECA) model is to include eco-costs intot he total cost of the products. Eco-costs are oth the direct and indirect costs of the environmental impacts caused by the product in its entire life cycle. Subsequently, this LCECA model identifies the feasible alternatives for cost effective, eco-friendly parts/products. This attempts to incorporate costing into the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) practice. Ultimately, it aims to reduce the total cost with the help of green or eco-friendly alternatives in all the stages of the life cycle of any product. The new category of eight eco-costs is being included in the cost breakdown structure. The mathematical model of LCECA aims to define the relationships between the total cost of products and the various eco-costs concerned with the life cycle of the products, and determine quantitative expressions between the above said costs. A computational LCECA model has been developed to compare the eco-costs of the alternatives. This model will include a break-even analysis to evaluate the alternatives, sensitivity and risk analysis modules. This model aims at a cost-effective, eco-friendly product as an end result. This LCECA model will be compatible with teh existing LCA software tools.
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Reducing the environmental impact of transport on Climate Change is an important policy target and the European Union has been spearheading legislation in this area. However, the EU has chosen, until now, to focus on tailpipe emis...
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Reducing the environmental impact of transport on Climate Change is an important policy target and the European Union has been spearheading legislation in this area. However, the EU has chosen, until now, to focus on tailpipe emissions, which only represent the impact of the use phase of the vehicle and leave aside the impacts of material production and car manufacturing as well as the end of life. Anyway, the corresponding regulations have given the direction for car manufacturer to focus on lightweighting, which is an important part of the solution. It is incomplete, however, as a more holistic approach encompassing all the phases of the Life of a vehicle ought to be taken on board, which is exactly what a Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) is meant to do. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the advantages and the limitations of LCA in the transport sector. Some very different categories of vehicles, in terms of powertrain, power and weight are examined as well as a degree of uncertainty in various LCA variables. The Greenhouse Gas Automotive Materials Comparison Model developed by the University of California Santa Barbara has been used to model these various vehicles. LCA demonstrates clear differences between many scenarios: the influence of the type of powertrain and of lightweighting - when carried out properly - are obvious. On the other hand, comparing lightweighting materials in terms of GHG emissions often exhibits differences which are less than the uncertainty of the data and thus are inconclusive. Lightweighting with Advanced HSS, however, is clearly a positive solution.
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In the 21~(st) century, climate change is a fundamental threat to the human species due to our collective inability to reduce carbon emissions and slow the pace of climate change. Mounting evidence predicts increased frequency and...
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In the 21~(st) century, climate change is a fundamental threat to the human species due to our collective inability to reduce carbon emissions and slow the pace of climate change. Mounting evidence predicts increased frequency and severity in future environmental climate-related events leading to potential disaster scenarios. In addition to designing buildings and infrastructure to minimum life safety provisions, adoption of fortification measures against climate-related, natural and manmade disasters must occur. Enhancing the robustness, durability, longevity, disaster resistance, and safety of structures is accomplishable with innovative materials and technology, sound construction practices, and employment of appropriate inspection and maintenance strategies. The safety, serviceability and extended service life minimizing the risk of failure for buildings and infrastructure can be ensured through sustainable and resilient design, construction and maintenance.
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摘要 :
In the 21st century, climate change is a fundamental threat to the human species due to our collective inability to reduce carbon emissions and slow the pace of climate change. Mounting evidence predicts increased frequency and se...
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In the 21st century, climate change is a fundamental threat to the human species due to our collective inability to reduce carbon emissions and slow the pace of climate change. Mounting evidence predicts increased frequency and severity in future environmental climate-related events leading to potential disaster scenarios. In addition to designing buildings and infrastructure to minimum life safety provisions, adoption of fortification measures against climate-related, natural and manmade disasters must occur. Enhancing the robustness, durability, longevity, disaster resistance, and safety of structures is accomplishable with innovative materials and technology, sound construction practices, and employment of appropriate inspection and maintenance strategies. The safety, serviceability and extended service life minimizing the risk of failure for buildings and infrastructure can be ensured through sustainable and resilient design, construction and maintenance.
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A building is responsible for the emission of a significant amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions over the various stages of its life cycle. Industry and government have been primarily focused on assessing and implementing miti...
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A building is responsible for the emission of a significant amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions over the various stages of its life cycle. Industry and government have been primarily focused on assessing and implementing mitigation measures related to the operational GHG emissions of buildings, leaving the emissions related to other life cycle stages, such as raw material extraction and maintenance, largely ignored. However, the uptake of assessments, such as life cycle assessment (LCA), and mitigation measures that consider buildings' emissions from a life cycle perspective has been slow due to various barriers. One such barrier that has not been as widely documented yet is the uncertainty towards the financial cost of life cycle GHG emission reduction. There has been an increase in studies that have included both the environmental and financial assessment of a building or building systems over its expected lifetime. These studies often use the economic methodology called life cycle costing (LCC), that complements the life cycle approach of LCA, to help quantify the financial impact of a project. However most of these studies either base their results on exemplary low energy buildings, not traditional buildings that dominate the built fabric. In addition there is a trend to primarily focus on residential buildings, leaving other building typologies neglected. Other aspects to notice from these studies include the fact that most present findings of the life cycle energy impact, not life cycle GHG impact. There is also a need to use more comprehensive life cycle inventory data, such as hybrid, not just process data, to provide more comprehensive results. And lastly, most studies consider at new buildings, not refurbished or existing buildings. LCA and LCC support each other from a life cycle perspective however there is still a need to further develop an approach to concurrently balance both economic and environmental performance to create a more sustainable built environment.
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Microalgae are among the most promising biomass resources to address global energy and environmental issues. Compared with their fossil-based counterparts, fuels from microalgae have demonstrated mitigated environmental impacts. H...
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Microalgae are among the most promising biomass resources to address global energy and environmental issues. Compared with their fossil-based counterparts, fuels from microalgae have demonstrated mitigated environmental impacts. However, there is no quantitative analysis on their environmental consequences in response to dynamic market interactions. In this paper, we focus on producing renewable diesel from microalgae and substituting the biofuel product for fossil-based diesel. To quantify their life cycle environmental impacts, we develop a novel systems analysis framework based on consequential life cycle optimization. Optimization results show that with the highest overall profitability, the minimum 100-year global warming potential and ReCiPe endpoint score via a consequential approach correspond to -121.53 g CO2-e/MJ and -13.28 Pt./MJ, respectively. The optimal results are 5 times and 6 times lower than those obtained via an attributional approach.
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This paper presents some results obtained in the Infravation research project called "Fast and effective solution for steel bridges life-time extension" (FASSTbridge). The aim of this project is to develop and demonstrate a reliab...
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This paper presents some results obtained in the Infravation research project called "Fast and effective solution for steel bridges life-time extension" (FASSTbridge). The aim of this project is to develop and demonstrate a reliable, preventive, cost-effective and sustainable solution for steel bridges fatigue life-time extension. As a demonstration example, the Jarama Bridge was selected in this project. The Jarama bridge is located in the outskirts of the city of Madrid, over the river Jarama on road M-111, and has a total length of 115,5m and 5 spans (max span length 33,5m). Erected in the 1960s, it has suffered since then a considerable increase of traffic flow which was not considered at its design stage. This paper leads a cost-benefit analysis and a life cycle analysis of the CFRP solution compared with traditional techniques (use of steel plates) and considering the economic and environmental profit of the preventing policy. The aim is to adopt a preventive strategy to allow road administrations enlarging the service life of steel and composite steel bridges in a cost-effective and sustainable manner.
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摘要 :
This paper presents some results obtained in the Infravation research project called "Fast and effective solution for steel bridges life-time extension" (FASSTbridge). The aim of this project is to develop and demonstrate a reliab...
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This paper presents some results obtained in the Infravation research project called "Fast and effective solution for steel bridges life-time extension" (FASSTbridge). The aim of this project is to develop and demonstrate a reliable, preventive, cost-effective and sustainable solution for steel bridges fatigue life-time extension. As a demonstration example, the Jarama Bridge was selected in this project. The Jarama bridge is located in the outskirts of the city of Madrid, over the river Jarama on road M-111, and has a total length of 115,5m and 5 spans (max span length 33,5m). Erected in the 1960s, it has suffered since then a considerable increase of traffic flow which was not considered at its design stage. This paper leads a cost-benefit analysis and a life cycle analysis of the CFRP solution compared with traditional techniques (use of steel plates) and considering the economic and environmental profit of the preventing policy. The aim is to adopt a preventive strategy to allow road administrations enlarging the service life of steel and composite steel bridges in a cost-effective and sustainable manner.
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